Recent investigations suggest that certain factors play an important role in the development of a child during the prenatal period. Early experiences have profound effects on development and learning. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet has a unique course for every child. Factors affecting early childhood growth and development. Early child development needs to be a priority issue in policy and practice. Jul 31, 20 the impact of maternal and infant nutritional status on immune system development and neurodevelopment. Factors that influence children s social and emotional development. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of. All areas of development and learning are important. How children grow and develop depend on both internal and external environmental factors, some, we have no control over and most of them we do. Prenatal risk factors include chronic maternal illness, certain maternal infections, toxin exposures and nutritional deficiencies. Factors affecting early childhood development hello motherhood.
The chemical balance of the mothers body and the presence of conditions or potentially toxic substances that can alter development processes. Read about factors that affect kids overall growth and development. Poverty is the factor creating most stress within families and undermines healthy child development. Getting early and regular prenatal care improves the chances of a healthy pregnancy. The most important of the other family factors was the quality of the mothers care of her child during the first 3 years of life. Golden days deki pem faculty of nursing and public health, khesar gyalpo university of medical sciences of bhutan a d v a n c e d p r a c ti e s i n n u r s i n g issn. What is the family impact on early childhood development. For example, doctors discovered that when a mother contracts rubella also known as the german measles early in her pregnancy, her child might suffer blindness, heart abnormalities, and brain damage as a result. Individual student abilitiescognitive and metacognitive factors affect the students ability to learn, and more importantly to critically understand how to best understand and process information.
This care can begin even before pregnancy with a pre pregnancy care visit to a health care provider. However, the prevalence of postpartum depression is approximately %. The process of fetal development starts from fertilization of the ovum till the delivery of the baby. These potentials decide the limit of development of a child, e.
The nature and nurture of child development theodore d. Factors affecting fetal development lady care health. Psychological factors that affect language development in. Factors affecting prenatal development by joyce gacho on prezi. A foundation for professional knowledge and competencies 3 together with the research in developmental biology and neuroscience, research in developmental, cognitive, and educational psychology has contributed to a greater understanding of the developing child. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The central nervous system damage may include mental retardation. The current prevalence of depression in canada averages at 6%, which is similar to the rates in other western countries the femaletomale ratio average is 2.
On the other hand, family risk factors can also influence the path of early childhood development. The 3 biological factors affecting growth and development in. There are four main factors affecting a childs development, according to. Factors that influence child growth and development. Factors affecting prenatal development the elaborate details of life begin with a single cell that develops into a full term fetus within approximately 40 weeks, 280 days or 10 lunar months. This topic aims to provide greater understanding of the potential effects of maternal stress on the mother, the fetus, and the child s development. During prenatal development, environmental factors can significantly affect the development of the child.
Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 114k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Children affect their environment as well as being affected by it, therefore playing an active part in their own development. There are very few prenatal factors that can harm a developing person. Environmental influences cont maternal factors drug intake alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome fas 5 in born in the us retarded growth facial and bodily malformations disorders of the central nervous system. Factors affecting early childhood development hello. Environmental influences on child development the prenatal environment.
Maternal diet and its impact on the fetusduring pregnancy, a woman. Prenatal development is the process that occurs during the 40 weeks prior to the birth of a child. Maternal and infant nutrition may modulate the immunologic development of the fetus and young infant and permanently alter immunologic and regulatory mechanisms, which may affect the risk for later disease palmer, 2011. External factors from the environment can affect a childs development such as poverty, diet, family background, family circumstances, personal decision, education and housing. In a large, geographically defined population ofchildren anumberoffamily factors in addition to social class, determined bythe fathers occupation, were recorded byhealth visitors and school nurses withroutine responsibility for these children. For example, drug abuse, poverty, and an environment of domestic abuse can lead to behavioral issues in children as young as 3, according to the national. More specifically, this paper will define stress and discuss the human bodys biological reaction to stress, then it will outline the possible impact maternal stress may have on both prenatal and postnatal development, as well it will provide suggestions for reducing stress and promoting healthy prenatal development. Risk factors in the perinatal period include pregnancy related complications, prematurity and low birth weight, and infection exposure during pregnancy or at time of birth. Some situations in your child s life could be affecting his ability to speak and understand language. All the major aspects of the growing organism have been formed in the embryonic phase, and now the fetus has approximately six months to go from weighing less than an ounce to weighing an average of 6 to 8 pounds. Most babies are born healthy and most hazards can be avoided. Factors that influence childrens social and emotional. Adequacy of iron stores should be ensured before pregnancy rather than trying. By the end of the third month of pregnancy, the sexual organs are visible.
Since the placenta cannot filter out extremely small disease carriers, such as viruses, children can be born with malaria, measles, chicken pox, mumps, syphilis, or other venereal diseases that have been transmitted from the mother. Early exposure to developmentally protective factors may attenuate the. How the environment can affect the vulnerable fetus. Promoting child development through parental training, among other factors, promotes excellent rates of child development. Development depends upon the potentials that child gets from his parents. Discuss influences nature nurture child development essay.
Environmental influences on child development the prenatal. Research has proven that drinking alcohol in any amount during pregnancy is safe. During each prenatal stage, environmental factors affect the development of the fetus. Prenatal development is a complicated process and may not always go as planned. Perinatal factors affecting human development, proceedings of the special session held during the eighth meeting of the paho advisory committee on medical research, 10 june 1969. For example, exposure to harmful drugs while in utero can have a dramatic impact on later child development.
Prenatal development boundless psychology lumen learning. Micro nutrients like zinc and vit c has a role in growth. Maternal dietary intake, prepregnancy weight and height, length of gestation, and size of fetus. How genes influence child development verywell mind. Maternal factors ho mothers own fetal and childhood growth. May also have abnormally small heads and brains, as well as heart, spine, and other anatomical defects. Beginning in the 9th week after conception, the embryo becomes a fetus. Chapter 5prenatal factors affecting development by ryan.
Factors that impact prenatal development uk essays. Prenatal risk factors for developmental delay mental health. Danielsa, lee shumowb adepartment of psychology and child development, california polytechnic state university. The defining characteristic of the fetal stage is growth. The influence of maternal prenatal and early childhood. Maternal depression is considered a risk factor for the socioemotional and cognitive development of children. Language barriers, transportation issues, availability of programs and services. Wachs the author is affiliated with the department of psychological sciences at purdue university in west lafayette, indiana, usa. Discuss the impacts of teratogens and maternal stress on prenatal development.
Malnutrition can cause deficiency diseases that adversely affect the growth and development of children. This article aims to examine the factors affecting prenatal development, significantly, before and during pregnancy with respect to the development of a child s personality at later stages of life. Nov, 2017 for example, a tradition illustrates the physical impact of heredity at the prenatal stage by mentioning the resemblance of a child with parent. Some population groups face considerable inability to access services related to. On the other hand, overeating can lead to obesity and health problems in the long run, such as diabetes and heart.
There are many factors affecting physical development of children. During each prenatal stage, genetic and environmental factors can affect development. Chapter 5prenatal factors affecting development highrisk pregnancy involves an expecting mother who has a condition either before or during pregnancy that increases the likelihood her child will have problems before or after birth. Many factors may affect the way children express their social skills or emotional competencies or the rate at which children acquire social skills or emotional competencies. In order to have a healthy baby at the end of the term, there are a few factors which have to be. Nichd eunice kennedy shriver national institute of child health and human development. Describe the meaning and benefits of early childhood development. It is worthwhile to keep in mind there are several factors that affect the development of a fetus. Dec 18, 2018 finally, factors called growth factors also cross from the mothers blood into fetal blood. Explain how the developing embryo and fetus may be harmed by the presence of teratogens and describe what a mother can do to reduce her risk.
Most everything the mother ingests, including food, liquid, and even medication, travels through the placenta to the fetus. Development and learning result from an interaction of maturation and experience. The effectiveness of early childhood development programs. Prenatal exposure to a dangerous substance is only. Early child development is influenced by a wide variety of both biological and environmental factors. These themes will need to be kept in mind when assessing the factors affecting each child s development. Maternal risk factors, in particular, can have a great impact on a child s development. Jul 17, 2019 nutrition is a critical factor in growth as everything the body needs to build and repair itself comes from the food we eat.
In either case, early prenatal care can help new mothers and children cope with potential problems with prenatal development. This article aims to examine the factors affecting prenatal development, significantly, before and during pregnancy with respect to the development of a childs personality at later stages of life. These factors influence a child both in positive ways that can enhance their development and in. Since this is a very important phase in the lives of both the parent and child, understanding the underlying biological factors which affect the way they are is very helpful information. Life span development i chapter 9 2 test your knowledge. Rubella is the most widespread of the viruses that have a teratogenic effect. Because children are so vulnerable, they can be easily affected by things many parents and adults take for granted. External influences, from the standard of care you give to your child to your socioeconomic standing, can contribute to psychological factors that can affect language development in your child.
Height is a good example of a genetic trait that can be influenced by. By analysis of variance the sum of the independent effects of the other family factors greatly outweighed that of occupational social class, except in the case of the iq at 10 years. To help professionals assess the factors affecting a child s development, they have been grouped into four areas. In other instances, genetic problems may simply be unavoidable. The environment a child is exposed to both in utero and throughout the rest of his or her life can also impact how genes are expressed. Most everything the mother ingests, including food, liquid, and even medication, travels through the placenta to.
Poverty is one of the most devastating yet stoppable conditions working against the health development of children. The nutrition that child gets before birth or after birth. Summary the underlying factors affecting child health and. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life. Factors influencing early childhood development ecd. Short attention span, learning disabilities, memory problems. Infectious diseases that can impact prenatal development. Environmental influences cont maternal factors drug intake alcohol fetal alcohol syndrome fas 5 in born in the us retarded growth facial and bodily malformations disorders of the central nervous system short attention span, learning disabilities, memory problems slow reaction time. Chapter 5 prenatal factors affecting development highrisk pregnancy involves an expecting mother who has a condition either before or during pregnancy that increases the likelihood her child will have problems before or after birth. It is important that the mother takes good care of herself and receives prenatal care, which is medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus. Factors affecting prenatal development essay 1145 words. Certain biological factors including genetics, nutrition, and gender can play a particularly important role in the course of early development. What are the factors that affect physical development of. This highlights the importance of mother child interaction in development of children s language proficiency, which is noticeably compromised in the parenting pattern of teenage mothers.
Child health is determined by a variety of factors such as their genetic make up for example. Children of teenage mothers qualify poorly for expressive language development and language comprehension. Factors influencing early childhood development ecd a bank of literature exists with respect to factors that influence ecd, outlining significant factors and. Maternal drug abuse is also of major concern and is considered one of the greatest risk factors facing unborn children. Some of these dangers, such as environmental risks from teratogens and drug use, can be prevented or minimized.
Maternal nutrition concerns about nutrition during pregnancy fall into basic areas, maternal weight gain and nutrient intake maternal weight gain during pregnancy results from variety of factors. Children enter school demonstrating various levels of school readiness. Jul 31, 2011 factors affecting prenatal development the elaborate details of life begin with a single cell that develops into a full term fetus within approximately 40 weeks, 280 days or 10 lunar months. This care can begin even before pregnancy with a prepregnancy care visit to a health care provider. Risk factors in the perinatal period include pregnancyrelated complications, prematurity and low birth weight, and infection exposure during pregnancy or at time of birth. The developing fetus is completely dependent on the mother for life, and it is important that the mother receives prenatal care, which is medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus. The course of this prenatal development is divided into three main periods. Many diseases are capable of affecting a growing fetus. Parents play a large role in a child s activities, socialization, and development. Jun, 2017 because children are so vulnerable, they can be easily affected by things many parents and adults take for granted.
Stress and pregnancy prenatal and perinatal generally, stress during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk for a number of negative outcomes in children. Finally, factors called growth factors also cross from the mothers blood into fetal blood. Promoting childrens development good enough parenting 7. While there are some things which may be out of your control, there are still ways to improve your childs growth and development. Danielsa, lee shumowb adepartment of psychology and child development, california polytechnic state university, faculty offices north building, san luis obispo, ca 93407, usa. In the course of development, the individual human progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. The relationship between genes and environment nature via nurture 2. Prenatal risk factors for developmental delay mental. Alcohol if used heavily and frequently, it may cause mental retardation, hyperactivity, and undersized child. She takes all possible steps needed for the growth of her baby. Child development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence.
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